Abstract: The Royal Household is probably the highest institution of the State as a monarchical system. In this sense, it is worth questioning how these organizations have managed communication with their public of interest during a crisis such as the temporary period of pandemic and post-pandemic, where the World Economic Forum states that it is a time of restart where a great social and economic restart is necessary. The main objective of this work is to know the institutional behavior of the British and Spanish Royal Houses through their respective Twitter accounts to determine convergences, synergies, and communicative styles in the digital environment. All this looking for the keys to the strategic management of the relations of both institutions with their citizens. A quantitative methodological design was established, based on content analysis (Kripendorff’s alpha coefficient=0.852) on a corpus of 2211 messages issued during 2021 by the official Twitter accounts @RoyalFamily (1025 tweets) and @CasaReal (1186 tweets). The results show a significant difference in the content broadcasted, the regularity of the frequency of tweets per hour of broadcast and the interaction, viralization and engagement rates of each of the accounts analyzed. These results show that Twitter is a powerful communication tool capable of seeking the mutual interest suggested by relationship postulates in periods of transition.

Resumen: La Casa Real es, probablemente, la más alta institución del Estado como sistema monárquico. En este sentido cabe cuestionarse cómo estos organismos han gestionado la comunicación, con sus públicos de interés, durante una situación de crisis como ha sido el periodo temporal de pandemia y postpandemia, donde el Foro Económico Mundial establece que es una época de reinicio donde es necesario un gran reinicio social y económico. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es conocer el comportamiento institucional de las casas reales británica y española a través de sus respectivas cuentas de Twitter para determinar convergencias, sinergias y estilos comunicativos en el entorno digital. Todo ello buscando las claves de la gestión estratégica de las relaciones de ambas instituciones con su ciudadanía. Se estableció un diseño metodológico cuantitativo, sustentado en el análisis de contenido (coeficiente alfa de Kripendorff = 0,852) sobre un corpus de 2211 mensajes emitidos durante 2021 por las cuentas oficiales de Twitter @RoyalFamily (1025 tuits) y @CasaReal (1186 tuits). Los resultados muestran una diferencia significativa en los contenidos emitidos, la regularidad de la frecuencia de los tuits por hora de emisión y las tasas de interacción, viralización y engagement de cada una de las cuentas analizadas. Estos resultados evidencian que Twitter es una poderosa herramienta de comunicación capaz de buscar el interés mutuo que sugieren los postulados relacionistas en periodos de transición.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi à verificação do efeito alelopático de Hyptis. suaveolens na germinação de sorgo, alface e rabanete, bem como, a comprovação da existência de compostos com potencial alelopático. Sementes de sorgo, alface e rabanete foram semeadas em substrato constituído de areia, terra e adubo orgânico contendo folhas de H. suaveolens. As análises da germinação foram feitas considerando a protrusão da radícula para o término do evento germinativo. Foi calculado o IVG (índice de velocidade de germinação) e %G (porcentagem de germinação). Os resultados mostraram que sorgo e a alface foram mais susceptíveis ao potencial alelopático de H. suaveolens, sendo que para o rabanete foi observado um efeito benéfico. Entre os tratamentos, o substrato esterilizado e não esterilizado mostraram diferenças entre si. A análise cromatográfica do óleo essencial presente nas folhas de H. suaveolens revelou a presença de compostos com potencial alelopático. Portanto, H. suaveolens, pode apresentar efeito alelopático positivo no IVG de sementes de rabanete e a presença de microorganismos pode ser necessária para que esse efeito alelopático aconteça.

The aim of this study was to verify the allelopathic effect of H. suaveolens on the germination of sorghum, lettuce and radish, as well as to prove the existence of compounds with allelopathic potential. Seeds of sorghum, lettuce and radish were sown in substrate consisting of sand, soil and organic fertilizer containing leaves of H. suaveolens. The germination tests were performed considering the protrusion of the radicle for the conclusion of the germinative event. GSI (germination speed index) and G% (percentage of germination) were calculated. The results showed that sorghum and lettuce were more susceptible to the allelopathic potential of H. suaveolens, while for radishes a beneficial effect was observed. Between treatments, the sterilized and unsterilized substrate showed differences. The chromatographic analysis of essential oil present in the leaves of H. suaveolens revealed the presence of compounds with allelopathic potential. Therefore, H. suaveolens may have positive allelopathic effect on the GSI of radish seeds, and the presence of microorganisms may be necessary for such an allelopathic effect to occur.

Objective: We report a rare case of horseshoe kidney trauma. Methods: 67 years old man with a horseshoe kidney, which presented a fracture of the isthmus after falling. Results: The diagnosis was made by IV contrast CT scan. He underwent exploratory laparotomy due to hemodynamic instability and radiologic findings on the CT scan. Conclusions: The rupture of a horseshoe kidney is a rare injury. CT scan is the test of choice to classify the degree of injury. Depending on the patient's hemodynamic stability and the findings on the CT scan the options are conservative orimmediate surgical treatment.

Objetivo: Presentamos un caso infrecuente de rotura de riñón en herradura. Métodos: Se aporta el caso de un varón de 67 años con riñón en herradura, que presentó una fractura del istmo renal tras caída. Resultados: El diagnóstico se realizó por TAC abdómino-pélvico con contraste. Se somete a laparotomía exploradora debido a la inestabilidad hemodinámica del paciente y a las características radiológicas del TAC. Conclusiones: La rotura de riñón en herradura es una lesión infrecuente. El TAC abdomino-pélvico es la prueba de elección para clasificar el grado de lesión. Dependiendo de la estabilidad hemodinámica del paciente y de los hallazgos encontrados en el TAC se optará por tratamiento conservador o quirúrgico inmediato.

There are different methods of crown rehabilitation refering to implants adjacent in edentulous sites. The options can be: rehabilitation with several single crowns or the splinting of the crowns in the prostheses. Material and method: A bibliographical research through the data base of the U.C.M. library and a review of clinical files of patients treated under the title implant-prostheses has been carried out. Results: There are supporters and non-supporters of each technique, based on different arguments and studies. Discussion: Advantages and inconvenients have been found in each method, taking these into consideration when it comes to using the appropriate restoration. Conclusions: When conditions are suitable, the implants can be restored by using single crowns. On the other hand, when there are no ideal factors (short implants, low bone quality, early loading, adverse oclussal factors) the use of splinting crowns will be more appropriate.

Existen diferentes formas de rehabilitación de coronas sobre implantes adyacentes en un tramo edéntulo. Las opciones que pueden encontrarse son la de restaurar con varias coronas unitarias, o bien unir esas coronas en una sola prótesis. Material y Método: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica a través de bases de datos en revistas especializadas de Odontología. Resultados: En la bibliografía revisada se observa que existen defensores y detractores de cada una de las técnicas, basándose cada autor en distintos estudios y argumentos. Discusión: Se encontraron ventajas e inconvenientes en ambas opciones prostodóncicas, valorando en base a éstos cuándo utilizar cada una de las técnicas propuestas. Conclusiones: Cuando las condiciones son idóneas, se considera adecuada la restauración con coronas individuales; por otro lado cuando existan condiciones adversas (implantes cortos, hueso de mala calidad, carga inmediata o factores oclusales no adecuados), en las que el reparto de fuerzas pueda comprometer el pronóstico de la restauración, la ferulización será el tratamiento de elección.

Benzothiazoles are organic compounds that may produce negative environmental impact when released into watercourses. In particular, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) are known to be toxic and hard to biodegrade. Activated carbon adsorption and ozonation have been identified as suitable treatment for those contaminants. However, there is some controversy about the effect of carbon surface chemical composition on the MBT adsorption. This paper focuses on this issue and presents experimental adsorption isotherms for MBT on Filtrasorb-400 activated carbon treated with different ozone doses. The activated carbon surface chemical properties were assessed by acid/basic neutralization, temperature programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the point of zero charge (pH PZC). Results show that ozone treatment modified the oxygenated groups on the activated carbon surface, increasing the concentration of acid groups, and reducing the pH PZC. Finally, ozone treatment led to a significant reduction of the carbon's MBT adsorption capacity, due to the increase in polar hydrophilic groups.